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Aging is a natural phenomenon that everyone has to face, but anti-aging has never been a problem. Because humans have the ability to regenerate themselves, which is hidden in our genes. By turning on longevity genes, we can slow down the aging process.
The emergence of NMN brings us hope that it can activate longevity genes, slow down the symptoms of aging, and allow us to regain a vibrant life.
What is NMN ?
NMN (Nicotinamide Mononucleotide) is a naturally occurring molecule found in every living cell in all life forms. At a molecular level, it belongs to a class of molecules called nucleotides, which are the building blocks of RNA and DNA. Structurally, NMN is composed of three main chemical groups: a phosphate group, a ribose sugar, and a nicotinamide group. NMN converts directly into NAD+ (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide), thereby increasing NAD+ levels, which is why NMN is sometimes called a NAD+ enhancer.
So, what does NAD+ do?
NAD+, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, is the most common molecule in the human body after water.
NAD+ , a coenzyme — the “ helper ” molecule that enzymes need to function . Enzymes are a special type of protein that make chemical reactions faster. For example, without enzymes, some biological reactions would take 2.3 billion years to complete. Therefore, without enzymes, life would probably not exist.
NAD+ acts as a coenzyme in mitochondria
NAD+ plays a particularly active role in metabolic processes such as glycolysis, the TCA cycle (aka Krebs cycle or citrate cycle), and the electron transport chain, which occurs in our mitochondria, It’s how we get energy from our cells.
As a ligand, NAD+ binds to enzymes and transfers electrons between molecules. Electrons are the atomic basis of cellular energy, and by transferring electrons from one molecule to the next, NAD+ works through a cellular mechanism similar to charging a battery. When electrons are consumed to provide energy, the battery becomes depleted. Without boosting voltage, these electrons cannot return to their starting point. In cells, NAD+ acts as this booster. In this way, NAD+ can decrease or increase enzyme activity, gene expression, and cell signaling.
NAD+ helps control DNA damage
DNA damage accumulates as organisms age due to environmental effects such as radiation, pollution, and inaccurate DNA replication.
Current theories of aging believe that the accumulation of DNA damage is the primary cause of aging . Most cells have the “molecular machinery” needed to repair this damage. The device consumes NAD+ and energy molecules, as well as other biomolecules. As a result of this DNA damage, important cellular resources may be depleted.
PARP (poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase), one of the most important DNA repair proteins, is inhibited by NAD+ deficiency. Starting from the age of 30, the body’s NAD+ levels are low. PARP increases due to cellular damage caused by normal aging, thereby reducing NAD+ concentrations. Any additional mtDNA damage can exacerbate this problem.